Three Liquidity Lenses, Side by Side

Reserves, cash, and days — the same liquidity, three very different-looking numbers · FY2025 (peers audited; Iowa City internal) · June 2026

Moody's — the agency that rated ICCSD — measures liquidity with two ratios, on purpose, because each hides what the other reveals:

Reserves — Available Fund Balance ÷ revenue

The accounting cushion. It counts receivables — money owed to the district (taxes, state aid) but not yet collected — so it can look healthy even when the bank account is thin.

Cash — Net Cash ÷ revenue

The money actually on hand. Moody's subtracts short-term borrowing (tax-anticipation notes), so cash propped up by a loan doesn't count. The truest immediate-liquidity test.

We then add a third lens the district uses on its own dashboardDay's Net Cash Ratio (cash ÷ average daily spending = days of cash on hand). It measures almost the same thing as the cash ratio, but expressed in days rather than a percent — which, as you'll see, makes the very same position sound far less alarming.

Lenses 1 & 2 — Moody's ratios (% of revenue)

RESERVESAvailable Fund Balance ÷ revenueCASHNet Cash ÷ revenue (pre-TAN)5%5%10%10%17.5%17.5%24.534.7Des Moines Independent CSD23.440.5Davenport CSD21.833.2Pleasant Valley CSD17.328.2Waukee CSD14.925.5Dubuque CSD13.426.7Cedar Rapids CSD13.028.1Ankeny CSD11.124.9West Des Moines CSD9.220.7Linn-Mar CSD7.418.9Johnston CSD6.41.8College CSD (Prairie)-5.47.5Waterloo CSDno FY25 audit — reserves can't be measured9.1*Iowa City CSD
Moody's band: Aaa (≥17.5%) Aa (10–17.5%) A (5–10%) Baa (0–5%) Ba or below (<0%)

Lens 3 — the district's own KPI (days of cash)

Day's Net Cash Ratio = Cash & Investments ÷ (Total Expenditures ÷ 365). FY2025; the district's own target is 90+ days. Iowa City's FY2025 is its own internal figure (unaudited).

recommended 90–120 days6090120150Davenport CSD144Pleasant Valley CSD124Des Moines Independent CSD115Waukee CSD106Ankeny CSD106Cedar Rapids CSD93Dubuque CSD92West Des Moines CSD86Linn-Mar CSD78Johnston CSD65Iowa City CSD33Waterloo CSD24College CSD (Prairie)6
Days band: ≥ 90 (in range) 60–90 < 60

How the story changes across the three lenses

The most important lens is the one Iowa City can't show. For FY2025 every peer posts an audited reserves ratio (peer median ~13%) — the single number a rating analyst reaches for first. Iowa City has no bar at all: its FY2025 audit isn't filed, so the figure simply doesn't exist. A blank where every peer has a measurable green bar is, by itself, the story.

On the measures it can report, it sits in the bottom group — and the unit flatters it. From its own internal books Iowa City reads as 9.1% net cash and 33 days of cash — "days" being the friendlier-sounding number ("33 days" lands softer than "9%"). Both land it #11 of 13, well below the peer medians (~26% net cash, ~93 days). Two peers with their own troubles (College/Prairie, Waterloo) sit even lower — but Iowa City is firmly in the weakest group and, unlike them, has no reserves figure to fall back on.

And even that cash figure is generous. The net-cash bar is shown before Moody's subtracts short-term borrowing. Iowa City is precisely the district leaning on it — a planned $25M tax-anticipation warrant plus a $10M interfund loan in FY2026. Net that out, as Moody's does, and the one lens Iowa City still has collapses further. Peers' cash mostly sits well above their reserves (median gap +11 points) because it's real surplus; Iowa City's is thin and partly borrowed.

⚠ Iowa City's FY2025 bars are unaudited (dashed outline), and pre-TAN. Peers use audited FY2025 figures; Iowa City has no FY2025 audit, so its cash & revenue come from the district's own internal report (PFM Exhibit 1) and its reserves can't be computed at all. The net-cash bars (all districts) are also gross of short-term borrowing — we don't yet have year-end tax-anticipation balances; subtracting them would shorten the cash bars, most for the borrowers (chiefly Iowa City).

Companion views: the district's own intuitive Day's Net Cash Ratio (days of cash, validated against ICCSD's dashboard) and the three-part “Does it have a cushion?” story. More under Other analyses.